The Minervan Republic

The Prophetic Tradition of Fascism against Renaissance Individualism: Vico’s Cycles and Gentile’s Humanism

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Dominique Montoya-Johnson
PART I. VICO’S INFLUENCE ON FASCISM AGAINST RENAISSANCE INDIVIDUALISM, AND REALIZATION OF LIBERAL LIMITATIONS

Influenced by the pious Italian Catholic, Giambattista Vico, Gentile in his philosophy of Actual Idealism or Actualism (Attualismo) attempts to preserve Christian heritage. Palmieri’s work outlining Fascist Philosophy absorbs Vico’s philosophy and his “Ages” as a bridge between Catholic social teaching and Italian historical philosophy on the place of the Roman Catholic Church in Italy to form this idea of the Organic State, or CORPORATIVISMO. Fascism sought to position itself as the modern realization of an “eternal” Italian-Catholic spirit against modernity’s ills, where Fascism recognizes the authority of the Church, but subordinates the Church to the totalitarian ethical State.

CONTENTS

  1. PART I. VICO’S INFLUENCE ON FASCISM AGAINST RENAISSANCE INDIVIDUALISM, AND REALIZATION OF LIBERAL LIMITATIONS
    1. INTRODUCTION
    2. THE TWO LEGACIES OF ROME
    3. FORERUNNER OF FASCIST PHILOSOPHY IN THE LAST RENAISSANCE MAN
    4. VICO’S NEW SCIENCE, PHILOSOPHY OF CYCLES AND INTERPRETATION OF HISTORY
    5. MARIO PALMIERI ON VICO
    6. LIBERAL LIMITATIONS AND ATTACHMENT TO WORLD WAR II ERA POLITICAL IDEOLOGIES
  2. PART II. GENTILE’S ATTUALISMO, THE ROOTS OF CORPORATIVISMO AND THE DECLINE OF GENTILIAN INFLUENCE IN FASCIST PHILOSOPHY
    1. ACTUALISM AND ITALY’S CATHOLIC HERITAGE
    2. GENTILE’S HUMANISM OF THE SPIRIT
    3. TRAJECTORY OF GENTILIAN INFLUENCE IN FASCIST SPIRITUAL IDEAS
    4. THREE STAGE DECLINE OF GENTILE’S MARGINALIZED INFLUENCE IN FASCISM
    5. FINAL PHASE OF GENTILE’S INFLUENCE
INTRODUCTION

The long history of the indigenous Americas is criminally excluded from the national historical narrative, as perhaps goes the same slightly for the history of the Indigenous peoples of ancient Italy before Rome that reveal its rich linguistic diversity. These Indigenous peoples and cultures were Etruscans in central Italy; the Samnites, Lucanians, Bruttians Italic tribes in the central and southern Apennines; Greeks (Magna Graecia) from flourishing colonies in the south; Celts (Gauls) in the north; and the Ligures, Veneti and Messapians (Uncovering Italy’s Hidden Cultures: The True Indigenous Peoples). The pre-Roman Etruscan goddess Menvra is the foundational inspiration for my work, as is the indigenous of the Americas, African ancestors and the history of the Europeans, connecting to a consistent theme of reclamation, revival and love of antiquity. Simply, one cannot love antiquity while disregarding the history of the indigenous and the global human story of migration.

The political history of Italy pre-unification is therefore far richer and older than the United States, but we must also consider the political landscape in North America before the establishment of the modern U.S. Republic. This political landscape has also gone through several distinct phases that were monarchic, corporate, proprietary, or imperial in structure, operating on land already governed by diverse Indigenous nations with their own political systems and 20,000 years of rich history. We can argue whether the U.S. American’ has experienced a sufficient number of sequences of political cycles or regimes to warrant a comparison to Italians, but it is true, that the modern U.S. Republic represents merely the current phase in the history of American Civilizations — understanding, that no nation is eternal.

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